Clinical Significance of HSCARG for Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease and Reduced ROS-Oxidative Stress in in Vivo and in Vitro Models via p47phox by NF-κB Activity

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a dynamic process in which there are interactions between endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function and mechanism of HSCARG in the treatment of CHD. Methods: Male apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were given a high-fat diet with 21% fat and 0.15% cholesterol for the in vivo model. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with angiotensin II for the in vitro model. HSCARG expression was inhibited in patients or mice with CHD. Results: HSCARG reduced oxidative stress in mice with CHD. HSCARG also reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-oxidative stress in the in vitro model. HSCARG induced p47phox expression in the in vitro model by NF-κB activity. The regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity or p47phox expression participates in the effects of HSCARG in CHD. Conclusion: Altogether, our data indicate that HSCARG reduced ROS-oxidative stress in in vivo and in vitro models of CHD via p47phox by NF-κB activity and may be a clinical target for CHD.

Acute Myocardial Infarction and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: What does the Epidemiological Data of the Last Years Indicate?

Abstract Background: ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a pathological process that involves cardiac muscle tissue death. Intravenous thrombolysis with fibrinolytics or primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), an invasive technique, can be performed for tissue revascularization. PCI has been preferred as compared to non-invasive methods, although few studies have described its use in Brazil. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to analyze data on the use of primary PCI and investigate the relevance of hospitalizations for the treatment of STEMI in the country. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional analysis of data from the Brazilian Unified Health system (SUS) Department of Informatics (DATASUS) from 2010 to 2019 was conducted. Results: Hospitalizations for STEMI represented 0.6% of all hospital admissions in Brazil in the analyzed period, 0.9% of hospital costs, and 2.1% of deaths. The number of hospitalizations due to STEMI was 659,811, and 82,793 for PCIs. Length of hospital stay was 36.0% shorter and mortality rate was 53.3% lower in PCI. The mean cost of PCI was 3.5-fold higher than for treatment of STEMI. Conclusions: Data on hospitalizations for STEMI treatment in Brazil revealed high hospitalization and mortality rates, elevated costs, and long hospital stay. Although primary PCI is a more expensive and less used technique than other methods, it can reduce the length of hospital stay and mortality in the treatment of STEMI.

Perception of women with heart disease about their high-risk pregnancy / Percepción de mujeres cardíacas sobre su embarazo de alto riesgo / Percepção de mulheres com doenças cardíacas sobre sua gravidez de alto risco

Abstract: Framework: Although gestation marks some of the most important moments in a woman's life, it becomes complex when associated with the problems, limitations, and risks inherent in heart disease. Objective: to comprehend the meanings women with heart disease attribute to their high-risk pregnancy and to identify their perception of the risks to the mother-child binomial. Methodology: A quantiqualitative study involving 39 pregnant women with heart disease from a public university of an inland city of São Paulo, Brazil, was conducted. Data were collected through interviews with patients and analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject. Results: This study showed high-risk gestation is a process linked to personal satisfaction and fulfillment of a dream, often associated with a lack of planning, uncertainties and fears. Some participants anchored in religion/spirituality to overcome difficulties, while others used self-reliance as a support. The risks are poorly understood and often underestimated. Conclusion: High-risk gestation is a process associated with personal satisfaction, fulfillment of a dream and even a common experience, often permeated by negative feelings about the inevitable risks to the mother-child binomial.

Resumen: Marco contextual: Aunque la gestación marca algunos de los momentos más importantes en la vida de una mujer, se vuelve compleja cuando se asocia con los problemas, las limitaciones y los riesgos inherentes a la enfermedad cardíaca. Objetivo: entender los significados que las mujeres con enfermedad cardíaca atribuyen a embarazos de alto riesgo e identificar su percepción de los riesgos para el binomio madre-hijo. Metodología: Fue desarrollado un estudio cuanti-cualitativo con 39 embarazadas cardíacas en una universidad pública en el interior de São Paulo, Brazil. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas con pacientes y analizados mediante el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: Este estudio reveló que el embarazo de alto riesgo es un proceso vinculado a satisfacción personal y cumplimiento de un sueño, muchas veces asociado con una falta de planificación, incertidumbres y miedos. Algunas participantes se apoyaron en la religión/espiritualidad para superar dificultades, mientras otras utilizaron la autoconfianza como apoyo. Hay poca comprensión y muchas veces subestimación de los riesgos. Conclusión: El embarazo de alto riesgo es un proceso asociado con satisfacción personal, cumplimiento de un sueño e incluso con una experiencia común, muchas veces permeada por sentimientos negativos sobre los riesgos inevitables para el binomio madre-hijo.

Resumo: Marco contextual: Embora a gestação marque alguns dos momentos mais importantes na vida de uma mulher, ela se torna complexa quando associada aos problemas, limitações e riscos inerentes às doenças cardíacas. Objetivo: compreender os significados que mulheres cardiopatas atribuem à gravidez de alto risco e identificar sua percepção sobre os riscos para o binômio mãe-filho. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo com 39 gestantes cardiopatas de uma universidade pública de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista com os pacientes e analisados por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Este estudo mostrou que a gestação de alto risco é um processo atrelado à satisfação pessoal e realização de um sonho, muitas vezes associado à falta de planejamento, incertezas e medos. Alguns participantes se ancoraram na religião / espiritualidade para superar as dificuldades, enquanto outros usaram a autossuficiência como suporte. Os riscos são mal compreendidos e frequentemente subestimados. Conclusão: A gestação de alto risco é um processo associado à satisfação pessoal, realização de um sonho e até mesmo uma experiência comum, muitas vezes permeada por sentimentos negativos sobre os riscos inevitáveis para o binômio mãe-filho.

Evaluation on left ventricular volume and systolic function with three-dimensional echocardiographic automated algorithm in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To evaluate left ventricular systolic function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with three-dimensional echocardiographic automated algorithm (3DEA). Methods: Fifty patients with CHD were enrolled. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured before PCI and 1 month and 3 months after PCI by using 3DEA and two-dimensional biplane Simpson's (2DBP) methods. Results: LVEDV,LVESV and LVEF measured with 3DEA significantly correlated with those with 2DBP (r=0.92, 0.90, 0.84). Compared with measurements before PCI, LVEDV and LVESV measured with 3DEA and 2DBP methods decreased, while LVEF increased 1 month and 3 months after PCI (all P0.05). The time of 3DEA was short, and the reproducibility was higher than that of 2DBP (both P<0.05). Conclusion: 3DEA method is rapid and highly reproducible and highly correlated with 2DBP, therefore may be a useful technique in serially following patients with CHD and assessing responses to PCI.

Research status and progresses of ultrasonic observation of cardiac function changes after percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国医学影像技术

With the aging of social structure, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing. Timely percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an important method to treat acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and improve prognosis. Echocardiography has a prominent advantage in evaluating the ischemic myocardium and cardiac function in patients with ACS, therefore is of great significance in judging the development and prognosis. The applications of echocardiography in evaluating cardiac function changes after PCI were reviewed in this article.

Percentage of attenuation drop of intra-mural coronary segment at diastolic phase coronary CTA in prediction of significant systolic compression of myocardial bridge / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of the percentage of attenuation drop measured by diastolic phase coronary CTA (CCTA) in identifying significant dynamic compression of myocardial bridge (MB).Methods Totally 135 patients with MB confirmed by CCTA were enrolled.The CT value of MB segment and proximal MB segment was measureed respectively.Attenuation of mural coronary artery(％) =(CT value of proximal MB segment-CT value of MB segment)/CT value of MB segment × 100 ％.Systolic compression ≥50 ％ was considered significant.The percentage of attenuation drop of MB vessel,length and depth of MB were measured and correlated with the presence and degree of dynamic compression.Results Attenuation drop of mural coronary artery(％),length of MB in MB patients with significant systolic compression,slight systolic compression and without systolic compression had significant statistical differences (all P＜0.05).ROC curve showed the percentage of attenuation had the best accuracy of 73.3％ in diagnosis of MB with significant systolic compression with the cutoff value of 15％ and the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95％ CI [0.67,0.82],P＜0.01).Conclusion Attenuation drop of MB segment has relationship with the extent of dynamic compression of MB and it has value to identify significant dynamic compression of MB.

Study of efficacy and safety of Paclitaxel drug coated balloon in elderly patients with de novo coronary disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Paclitaxel drug coated balloon (DCB) (SeQuent Please) in an elderly patients with de novo coronary disease.Methods We performed a retrospective study of 158 consecutive patients (63 patients aged ≥65 yrs and 95 patients aged ＜65 yrs) received DCB therapy in Cath Lab of Beijing Hospital.Clinical characteristic was recorded and coronary angiography was analyzed with quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) software.Results In elderly group,more patients have hypertension (65.1％ vs.56.8％),atrial fibrillation (7.9％ vs.2.1％),previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) history (44.4％ vs.23.2％,P＜0.01) and non ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (14.3％ vs.4.2％,P ＜0.05).In non-elderly group,more patients were male (71.6％ vs.50.8％,P＜0.05) and current smoker (52.3％ vs.30.2％,P＜ 0.01).Old patients had more complicated lesions,especially calcified lesions (36.8％ vs.14.0％,P＜0.01).Despite of that,our study showed a higher success rate of PCI in elderly group.Both groups of patients showed significant acute gain in minimal lumen diameter (MLD) after DCB released.At 4 days post-operation,there was one case that underwent acute myocardial infarction requiring emergent target lesion revascularization (TLR) in non-elderly group.No major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was observed in the elderly group during hospitalization.Twenty-one patients underwent coronary angiographic followed up at average 9 months post PCI.The QCA analysis showed that MLD of lesions treated with DCB had mildly increased [(2.00±0.67) mm vs.(1.91 ± 0.47) mm,P＞0.05],the late lumen loss (LLL) was (-0.09±0.50) mm.At 9 months follow-up,the MACE rate in the elderly group was 1.6％ and 1.1％ in non-elderly group,with TLR rates at 0.0％ and 1.1％ respectively (both P＞0.05).No death was observed in either group.Conclusions The efficacy and safety of DCB on the elderly patients with de novo lesions is as good as non-elderly patients despite more complex anatomy and comorbidities.

A Cadaveric Study on Coronary Preponderance.

Background: Knowledge of coronary preponderance is important to understand coronary artery diseases, interpret the findings and plan the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It influences the amount and anatomic location of myocardium that is perfused by the left or right coronary circulation. The aim of the present study is to observe the origin of posterior interventricular artery which determines the coronary preponderance or dominance. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 50 formalin fixed adult heart specimens in the Department of Anatomy, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute irrespective of age, sex, socio-economic status, religion and education status. The coronary arteries were examined by gross dissection and analyzed statistically. Results: Right preponderance was seen in 31(62%) hearts, left preponderance in 11 (22%) hearts and balanced or codominance was seen in 8(16%) hearts. Discussion: The coronary artery dominance has an important clinical significance.Most of the studies have reported a higher percentage of right preponderance including the present study. Results of the present study was compared statistically with the study done by Hirak Das et al (n=70). On comparison right dominance was statistically insignificant ( z = 0.91, p = 0.36 ), left dominance was statistically insignificant ( z = 0.46 , p = 0.64), and balanced pattern was also statistically insignificant ( z = 0.82 , p = 0.41 ) Conclusion: The present study on coronary dominance would be of use to the cardiologist and interventional radiologist to predefine the abnormalities by invasive and non invasive studies.

Perioperative efficacy of triple anti-platelet therapy in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose tirofiban combined with dual anti-platelet therapy in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation for acute coronary syndrome.Methods From October 2010 to July 2013,a total of 306 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome were enrolled and divided into 2 groups:triple anti-platelet group (156 patients) and dual anti-platelet group (150 patients).Patients in triple anti-platelet group received low-dose tirofiban with starting dose 0.4 μ g/(kg· min) and 0.1 μ g/(kg·min) after 30 min for 24-36 h on the basis of dual anti-platelet therapy.Patients in dual anti-platelet group only received dual anti-platelet therapy.Information of the bleeding time,the clotting time,the platelet count change,the major adverse cardiac events (MACE),bleeding events in both groups were observed and the efficacy and safety were evaluated.Results The rate of thrombus of stent and target vessel revascularization were 2.0％ (3/150) and 2.7％ (4/150) in dual anti-platelet group,0.6％ (1/156) and 0.6％ (1/156) in triple anti-platelet group,and there were no significant differences between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of bleeding events between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The bleeding time and clotting time in two groups were extended at different degree,but there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Additional use of low-dose tirofiban is effective and safe in patients undergoing coronary stent implantation for acute coronary syndrome.It could not only reduce the MACE rate but also improve the coronary blood flow.Moreover,it does not increase the bleeding events.

Prevalência de manifestações atípicas em portadores de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda / The prevalence of atypical presentations in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

INTRODUÇÃO: A característica anginosa da dor torácica tem sido identificada como o dado com maior poder preditivo para Síndrome Coronariana Aguda (SCA), entretanto as características da dor torácica nem sempre se assemelham com aquelas classicamente descritas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de manifestações atípicas em pacientes internados com Síndrome Coronariana Aguda, correlacionar tais apresentações com os dados clínicos e de exames complementares e compará-las com as manifestações típicas. METODOS: Estudo de corte transversal.A classificação de dor torácica de Diamond foi utilizada para caracterização da dor (variável dependente). As frequências das variáveis independentes (fatores de risco para Doença Arterial Coronária - DAC, alterações eletrocardiográficas, laboratoriais, ecocardiográficas e angiográficas) foram calculadas e comparadas entre os grupos: 1) Dor típica, 2) Dor atípica e 3) Dor não anginosa, estabelecendo-se o valor de p<0,05 como estatisticamente significante. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 127 pacientes dos quais 16 (12,6%) apresentavam dor típica, 54(42,5%) dor atípica e 57 (44,9%) dor não anginosa. Os grupos não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante em relação aos fatores de risco para DAC; aos níveis dos marcadores de necrose miocárdica; às alterações ecocardiográficas e angiográficas. Pacientes do grupo 3 apresentaram frequência significativamente maior de arritmias ventriculares que aqueles dosgrupos 1 e 2 (21,1 x 6,7 x 5,7%, respectivamente; p=0,041). CONCLUSÃO: As frequências de dor torácica de características atípicas e não anginosas foram elevadas e significativamente maiores que a de dor torácica de características típicas. Não foi observado associação estatisticamente significante entre as características da dor torácica e perfil clínico e dos exames complementares...

INTRODUCTION: Anginal symptoms of chest pain have been identified as the greatest predictive power for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), however chest pain symptoms do not always resemble those, which are classically described. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of atypical presentations in patients admitted to hospital with Acute Coronary Syndrome, to correlate these presentations with clinical data and additional tests and to compare them with typical presentations. METHODOS: This was a cross-sectional study. The Diamond classification of chest pain was used to characterise chest pain (dependent variable). The frequencies of the independent variable (risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease - (CAD), electrocardiographic, laboratory, echocardiographic and angiographic changes) were calculated and compared between each group: 1) Typical chestpain, 2) Atypical chest pain and 3) Non-anginal chest pain. A p-value <0.05 was established as statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients were assessed, of whom 16(12.6%) presented typical chest pain, 54 (42.5%) atypical chest pain and 57 (44.9%) non-anginal chest pain. The groups didnot present any statistically significant differences regarding Coronary Artery Disease risk factors, markers for myocardialnecrosis, and echocardiographic and angiographic changes. Patients in group 3 presented a significantly higher frequency of ventricular arrhythmias than those in groups 1 and 2 (21.1 x6.7 x 5.7%, respectively; p=0.041). CONCLUSION: The frequencies of atypical and non-anginal chest pain were higherand significantly greater than those of typical chest painsymptoms. No statistically significant association was observed between the chest pain symptoms and the clinical profile and the additional tests...

Patología coronaria en la edad pediátrica: Alto riesgo de muerte súbita / Coronary disease in children: High risk of sudden death

Resumen Introducción: las enfermedades de las arterias coronarias son raras en el niño y debido a su complejidad, pueden ser causa de muerte súbita. Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio es revisar los casos de patología coronaria estudiados en los últimos 25 años en la Policlínica de Cardiología Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CP-CHPR) y en el Instituto de Cardiología Infantil (ICI), incluidos los casos de consulta. Material y método: se revisan los archivos e historias clínicas de pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad coronaria de CP-CHPR e ICI. Se registran presentación clínica, estudios realizados, tratamiento instituido y evolución. Resultados: se individualizaron 20 pacientes. Dos casos de enfermedad de Kawasaki; un caso de síndrome de Williams con estenosis supravalvular aórtica y estenosis de ostium coronario; 2 casos de hipoplasia de arteria coronaria; un caso de arteria coronaria izquierda originada en seno de Valsalva derecho, con recorrido interarterial; un caso de oclusión de arteria coronaria luego de cirugía de switch arterial en paciente con transposición completa de los grandes vasos; un caso de arteria coronaria izquierda originada en rama derecha de arteria pulmonar y 12 casos de arteria coronaria izquierda originada en arteria pulmonar tronco. Conclusiones: se destaca la importancia de una sospecha oportuna de la patología coronaria en el niño. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno puede evitar la muerte. Esta fue la situación en el 35% de los pacientes presentados. En los casos de muerte súbita, se recomienda un estudio posmortem realizado por patólogo pediatra, con especial atención al corazón y las arterias coronarias.

Summary Introduction: anomalies in coronary artery are very rare diseases in children. Due to their complexities they are frequent cause of sudden death. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the cases of coronary diseases in children from the Policlínica de Cardiología del Hospital Pereira Rossell (PC-CHPR) and the Instituto de Cardiología Infantil (ICI) in the late 25 years, included cases of consultation. Method: a review of the files and clinical charts from PC-CHPR and ICI was performed. Cases with diagnosis of coronary disease were selected. Clinical presentation, diagnostic studies and follow up were analyzed. Results: 20 cases of disease of coronary artery were recorded. 2 cases of Kawasaki disease, one case of Williams syndrome with supravalvular aortic stenosis and coronary ostia stenosis; 2 cases of hypoplastic coronary artery; one case of left coronary artery originated in right sinus of Valsalva, with interarterial course; one case of occlusion of coronary artery after arterial switch operation in complete transposition of the great arteries; one case of abnormal left coronary artery from right pulmonary artery and 12 cases of abnormal left coronary artery pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). Conclusion: the importance of a prompt diagnosis is emphasized. On time interventions may prevent death. This was the case in 35% of the patients. In cases of sudden death, an autopsy performed by pediatric pathologist with special attention to coronary arteries is recommended.

Efeitos da Esqueletização em Comparação com a Manutenção do Pedículo da Artéria Radial sobre a Patência e Fluxo Pós-Operatórios do Enxerto / Effects of Skeletonized versus Pedicled Radial Artery on Postoperative Graft Patency and Flow

Fundamento: O enxerto de artéria radial (AR) foi o segundo enxerto arterial a ser introduzido na prática clínica para revascularização miocárdica. A técnica de esqueletização da artéria torácica interna esquerda (ATIE) pode, de fato, alterar a capacidade de fluxo do enxerto com potenciais vantagens, o que leva à suposição de que o comportamento da AR, como enxerto coronariano, seja semelhante ao da ATIE esqueletizada. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou enxertos aortocoronários "livres" de AR, quer esqueletizados, quer com tecidos adjacentes. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo randomizado comparando 40 pacientes distribuídos em dois grupos. No grupo I, foram utilizadas artérias radiais esqueletizadas (20 pacientes), e no grupo II, artérias radiais com tecidos adjacentes (20 pacientes). Após o procedimento cirúrgico, os pacientes foram submetidos a medidas da velocidade de fluxo. Resultados: As principais variáveis cirúrgicas foram: diâmetro interno, comprimento e fluxo sanguíneo livre da AR. Os diâmetros médios dos enxertos de AR calculados através de angiografia quantitativa no pós-operatório imediato foram semelhantes, assim como as variáveis de medidas de velocidade de fluxo. Por outro lado, a cinecoronariografia mostrou a presença de oclusão em um enxerto de AR e estenose em cinco enxertos de AR no GII, enquanto que apenas um caso de estenose em um enxerto de AR no GI (p = 0,045). Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que tanto as características morfológicas e anatomopatológicas quanto o desempenho hemodinâmico dos enxertos livres de artéria radial, quer preparados de forma esqueletizada ou com tecidos adjacentes, são semelhantes. Entretanto, pode-se observar um maior número de lesões não obstrutivas quando a AR ...

Background: Radial artery (RA) was the second arterial graft introduced in clinical practice for myocardial revascularization. The skeletonization technique of the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) may actually change the graft's flow capacity with potential advantages. This leads to the assumption that the behavior of the RA, as a coronary graft, is similar to that of the LITA, when skeletonized. Objective: This study evaluated 'free' aortic-coronary radial artery (RA) grafts, whether skeletonized or with adjacent tissues. Methods: A prospective randomized study comparing 40 patients distributed into two groups was conducted. In group I, we used skeletonized radial arteries (20 patients), and in group II, we used radial arteries with adjacent tissues (20 patients). After the surgical procedure, patients underwent flow velocity measurements. Results: The main surgical variables were: RA internal diameter, RA length, and free blood flow in the radial artery. The mean RA graft diameters as calculated using quantitative angiography in the immediate postoperative period were similar, as well as the flow velocity measurement variables. On the other hand, coronary cineangiography showed the presence of occlusion in one RA graft and stenosis in five RA grafts in GII, while GI presented stenosis in only one RA graft (p = 0.045). Conclusion: These results show that the morphological and pathological features, as well as the hemodynamic performance of the free radial artery grafts, whether prepared in a skeletonized manner or with adjacent tissues, are similar. However, a larger number of non-obstructive lesions may be observed when RA is prepared with adjacent tissues. .

Estudo dos Fatores de Risco Associados a Arteriopatia Periferica em Nipo-brasileiros de Bauru (SP) / Study of Risk Factors Associated with Peripheral Arteriopathy in Japanese-Brazilians from Bauru (SP)

Fundamento: As patologias cardiovasculares são a maior causa de morbimortalidade nos países desenvolvidos e emergentes. Sua principal etiologia, a aterosclerose, é doença disseminada acometendo os territórios coronariano, cerebral e periférico. A doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP), além de suas consequências per se, sinaliza o acometimento do território coronariano. Portanto, seu melhor conhecimento permite tratamento adequado, retardando complicações locais e à distância, diminuindo o custo para o sistema de saúde. Objetivo: Este estudo estima a porcentagem de DAOP em nipo-brasileiros de Bauru (SP), reconhecidos pela alta prevalência de distúrbios metabólicos, como hipertensão arterial (43%), diabetes melito (33%) e hipercolesterolemia (60 %), e analisa a associação com biomarcadores de risco. Métodos: Este estudo transversal populacional avaliou 1.330 nipo-brasileiros de ambos os sexos com idade ≥ 30 anos que foram submetidos a exame físico completo, medidas antropométricas, exames laboratoriais e índice tornozelo-braço (ITB). Participantes com ITB ≤ 0,90 foram diagnosticados como portadores de DAOP. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, 1.038 indivíduos integraram a análise. Empregou-se regressão de Poisson para análise das associações com DAOP. Resultados: A idade média foi 56,8 anos e a porcentagem de DAOP foi 21,1%, igual entre os sexos. DAOP associou-se com tabagismo (RP 2,16 [1,33-3,48]) e hipertensão arterial (RP 1,56 [1,12-2,22]). Conclusão: A porcentagem de DAOP nos nipo-brasileiros foi semelhante à de outras populações de perfil cardiometabólico desfavorável (US PARTNERS e POPADAD). A associação independente de DAOP com tabagismo e hipertensão, ...

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and emerging countries. Their main etiology, atherosclerosis, is a disseminated disease that affects the coronary, cerebral and peripheral territories. The peripheral arterial disease (PAD), as well as its consequences, indicates the involvement of the coronary territory. Therefore, its better understanding enables proper treatment, delaying local and long-term complications, reducing the cost to the health system. Objective: This study estimates the percentage of PAD in Japanese-Brazilians from Bauru (SP), recognized by the high prevalence of metabolic disorders such as hypertension (43%), diabetes mellitus (33%) and hypercholesterolemia (60%), and examines the association with risk biomarkers. Methods: This cross-sectional population study evaluated 1,330 Japanese-Brazilians of both genders aged ≥ 30 who underwent a complete physical examination, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Participants with ABI ≤ 0.90 were diagnosed as having PAD. After applying the exclusion criteria, 1,038 individuals were part of the analysis. We used Poisson regression to analyze associations with PAD. Results: The mean age was 56.8 years and the percentage of PAD was 21.1%, equal among the genders. PAD was associated with smoking (PR 2.16 [1.33 to 3.48]) and hypertension (PR 1.56 [1.12-2.22]). Conclusion: The percentage of PAD in Japanese-Brazilians was similar to other populations of adverse cardiometabolic profile (US PARTNERS and POPADAD). The independent association of PAD with smoking and hypertension, but not with other classical risk factors, may depend on the very high frequencies of metabolic disorders in this population. .

Possible mechanism of enhanced external counterpulsation treating coronary heart disease / 心血管康复医学杂志

A lot of clinical trials proved that enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) is a low-cost ,non-invasive , safe and effective method treating coronary heart disease .The present article made an overview on possible mecha-nism of EECP treating coronary heart disease .

Research progress of intravascular ultrasound imaging assessing vulnerable plaque / 心血管康复医学杂志

Vulnerable plaque (VP) has been widely considered as the main cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and cardiac death .In recent years ,invasive or non-invasive intravascular ultrasound imaging has become one of main measures for detecting VP .The present article made following overview on advantages and disadvantages of intravascular ultrasound imaging assessing VP .

Clinical outcomes and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention only in single-opened vessel lesion among patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to the single-opened vessel lesion among patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Methods Twenty-seven patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction≤35%) undergoing PCI were included. All the patients received PCI only to the single-opened vessel lesion under the conditions of: (1) There were limitations to open chronic total occlusion (CTO);(2) Single-opened vessel lesion was not calcified and tortuous. Clinical outcomes, including success rate of PCI, changes of symptoms in-hospital, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) pre-and one week post-PCI, the major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization) at 30-days after discharged were observed. Results The success rate of PCI was obtained in all 27 patients(100%), and all the patients received drug eluting stent implantation. The symptoms improvement occurred in all patients and the NYHA class improved from grade Ⅳto grade Ⅲin 22 patients(81.5%) in-hospital. Significant differences were noted in the mean BNP and LVEF between pre-PCI and one week post-PCI, BNP[(2699.6±1104.7) pg/ml vs. (737.0 ± 261.7) pg/ml, P<0.05],LVEF[(26.9±5.7)%vs. (36.0±3.41)%, P<0.05)]. No MACE happened in-hospital and at 30-days follow up. Conclusions PCI only to the single-opened vessel lesion among patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction under the condition of limitations to open CTO is safe and can significantly improve clinical outcomes in-hospital and at 30-days follow up, but it must be emphasized that single-opened vessel lesion not with obvious calcification and tortuosity.

The prevalence of risk factors and status of clinical practice patterns among hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndromes / 中华内科杂志

Objective To analyze the distribution of multiple risk factors for hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and explore the status and determinants of drug usage recommended by the guideline.Methods This was a multi-center cross-sectional study in 34 hospitals from 22 provinces in China.About ninety ACS patients were consecutively enrolled from each hospital since April 15,2012 according to a standard protocol.Totally,3 253 patients with complete data were analyzed in this study.Results (1) The average age of male patients with ACS was lower than that of female patients (60.4 years vs 66.2 years,P ＜0.01).Nearly 60％ of ACS patients were under the age of 65 years.Early onset of ACS accounted for one-third of male (＜ 55 years of age) and two-fifthes of female patients (＜ 65 years old).(2) Among the four ACS major risk factors (hypertension,hyperlipidemia,smoking and diabetes),hypertension was with the highest prevalence (68.4％).More than 90％ of ACS patients had at least one risk factor and about two-thirds of them had at least two.(3) As for the application of evidence-based drugs,the top one was aspirin with 95.3％ of ACS patients reseiving it.The second was statins (90.1％).Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotension Ⅱ receptor blocker(ARB) was the lowest (53.6％).Multivariable analysis indicated that,in contrast to that in ACS patients without percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),the drug usage rates were increased by more than 30％ for ACEI or ARB and β receptor blockers,by more than 50％ for statins,and by 4-7 times for antiplatelet agents among ACS patients with PCI.Conclusions In China,more than 90％ of hospitalized patients with ACS carried at least one major risk factor.There is still room for improving in the application of drugs recommended by the guidelines,especially for ACS patients without PCI.